{ "seo": { "title": "CEFR Descriptors & the 2020 Companion Volume", "description": "Based on 1,800+ official CEFR descriptors from the Council of Europe. Learn how our AI evaluates language productions at levels A1-C2.", "keywords": "cefr framework, cefr descriptors, common european framework, cefr assessment methodology, cefr levels a1 a2 b1 b2 c1 c2, council of europe descriptors, companion volume 2020, language proficiency assessment, cefr evaluation methodology" }, "hero": { "title": "CEFR assessment aligned with official descriptors", "subtitle": "The only platform that puts official CEFR descriptors at the heart of evaluation.", "subtitleLine2": "Complete transparency on how each level is determined.", "languagesBadge": "πŸ‡«πŸ‡· FranΓ§ais | πŸ‡¬πŸ‡§ English | 🌍 More languages soon", "cta": "Get your free CEFR report" }, "labels": { "quantitativeMetrics": "πŸ“Š Quantitative Metrics:", "linguisticTheories": "πŸ”¬ Linguistic Theories:" }, "problem": { "title": "Why traditional CEFR tools fall short", "subtitle": "Three critical flaws undermining language assessment", "intro": "", "issues": [ { "title": "Black-box opacity", "description": "You get a score without understanding how it was calculated. No explanation. No transparency. No learning." }, { "title": "Pure subjectivity", "description": "Evaluations based on vague impressions without quantitative metrics or reproducible methodology." }, { "title": "No scientific validation", "description": "Most tools don't cite linguistic theories or published research. Just 'trust our algorithm'." } ], "cta": "See our solution", "conclusionText": "Frustrated by vague feedback like 'needs improvement'? Learners deserve to know WHY they got B1, not just THAT they got B1. Teachers need evidence to guide learning, not opaque scores." }, "cefrReference": { "title": "The CEFR: our absolute reference", "subtitle": "The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is the international standard for describing language ability. CEFRhub aligns every evaluation with official descriptors.", "badge": "Official CEFR", "whatIsCefr": { "title": "What is the CEFR?", "description": "Developed by the Council of Europe, the CEFR defines six proficiency levels (A1 to C2) using 'can-do' descriptors that are language-independent and applicable to French, English, and all languages." }, "companionVolume": { "title": "The 2020 update: enhanced descriptors", "description": "The Companion Volume enhances language evaluation with refined descriptors for:", "newScales": [ "Written Production with detailed text-type specifications", "Spoken Interaction including online communication", "plurilingual and pluricultural competence", "extended quality criteria for assessment" ], "note": "CEFRhub evaluates Written Production and Spoken Interaction using these enhanced descriptors for French and English." }, "sixLevels": { "title": "The six CEFR levels: official descriptors", "subtitle": "Based on the CEFR global scale", "sublevelsPrecision": { "title": "Granular precision: CEFR sublevels for ultra-precise diagnosis", "description": "CEFRhub goes beyond the 6 global levels and distinguishes CEFR sublevels (A2.1, A2.2, B1.1, B1.2, B2.1, B2.2) for ultra-precise positioning of your language proficiency. This granularity recommended by the Council of Europe enables detailed progress tracking and perfectly adapted pedagogical objectives.", "explanation": "According to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, the A2, B1, and B2 levels each break down into two sublevels: .1 (beginning of level, minimum criteria met) and .2 (end of level, consolidated and secure mastery). This granular distinction allows precise identification of where you stand in your French or English learning journey.", "levelsBreakdown": [ { "level": "A1", "hasSublevels": false, "description": "Single global level - Elementary discovery of the language" }, { "level": "A2.1 β†’ A2.2", "hasSublevels": true, "description": "A2.1 (basic survival) β†’ A2.2 (consolidated survival, ready for B1)" }, { "level": "B1.1 β†’ B1.2", "hasSublevels": true, "description": "B1.1 (threshold of autonomy) β†’ B1.2 (consolidated autonomy, transition to B2)" }, { "level": "B2.1 β†’ B2.2", "hasSublevels": true, "description": "B2.1 (advanced independent) β†’ B2.2 (mastered advanced, ready for C1)" }, { "level": "C1", "hasSublevels": false, "description": "Single global level - Experienced autonomy" }, { "level": "C2", "hasSublevels": false, "description": "Single global level - Near-native mastery" } ], "progressionExamples": [ { "sublevel": "B1.1", "characteristics": "Understanding main points on familiar topics, dominant simple structures, frequent need for help in new situations, consolidated basic vocabulary (approximately 2000 active words)", "typicalDuration": "Progression to B1.2: 6 to 8 months of regular learning" }, { "sublevel": "B1.2", "characteristics": "Consolidated communicative autonomy, emerging syntactic variety (subordination, diversified connectors), autonomous management of routine situations, extended vocabulary (approximately 2500-3000 active words)", "typicalDuration": "Solid foundation to progress to B2.1 with sustained learning" }, { "sublevel": "B2.1", "characteristics": "Understanding essentials of complex abstract texts, partial fluency with planning pauses, emerging but not mastered formal register, developing academic lexicon", "typicalDuration": "Progression to B2.2: 8 to 10 months of immersion or intensive practice" }, { "sublevel": "B2.2", "characteristics": "Consolidated B2 mastery, marked spontaneity without apparent lexical search, detailed and nuanced production, mastered formal register, ready for C1 requirements", "typicalDuration": "Solid foundation for transition to C1 (experienced level)" } ], "benefits": [ "Detailed progress tracking on 9 steps instead of 6 global levels", "Precise identification of your exact position in your language learning journey", "Micro-targeted pedagogical objectives adapted to your specific sublevel", "Strategic preparation for official certifications (DELF A2, DELF B1, DELF B2, DALF C1, Cambridge B2 First, C1 Advanced)", "Early detection of gaps before moving to the next level", "Reinforced motivation through measurable intermediate progression milestones" ], "howWeDisplay": "Each CEFRhub assessment report indicates your global CEFR level (e.g., B2) AND your precise sublevel (e.g., B2.1 or B2.2) accompanied by a statistical confidence score. This dual indication enables actionable pedagogical diagnosis for teachers and learners.", "cefrOfficialReference": "Based on the CEFR Companion Volume 2020 (Council of Europe) - Annex 1: Plus Levels and sublevels, pages 186-189", "benefitsLabel": "Benefits" }, "levels": [ { "code": "A1", "name": "Breakthrough", "category": "Basic User", "color": "#E8F5E9", "borderColor": "#4CAF50", "descriptor": "Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type. Can introduce him/herself and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where he/she lives, people he/she knows and things he/she has. Can interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help." }, { "code": "A2", "name": "Waystage", "category": "Basic User", "color": "#E8F5E9", "borderColor": "#66BB6A", "descriptor": "Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions. Can communicate in simple routine tasks. Can describe in simple terms aspects of their background and immediate environment." }, { "code": "B1", "name": "Threshold", "category": "Independent User", "color": "#E3F2FD", "borderColor": "#2196F3", "descriptor": "Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. Can deal with most situations whilst travelling. Can describe experiences, events, dreams and ambitions." }, { "code": "B2", "name": "Vantage", "category": "Independent User", "color": "#E3F2FD", "borderColor": "#1976D2", "descriptor": "Can understand the main ideas of complex text on concrete and abstract topics. Can interact with fluency and spontaneity. Can produce clear, detailed text and explain viewpoints." }, { "code": "C1", "name": "Effective Proficiency", "category": "Proficient User", "color": "#FFF3E0", "borderColor": "#FF9800", "descriptor": "Can understand a wide range of demanding texts and recognise implicit meaning. Can express themselves fluently without obvious searching. Can use language flexibly for social, academic and professional purposes." }, { "code": "C2", "name": "Mastery", "category": "Proficient User", "color": "#FFF3E0", "borderColor": "#F57C00", "descriptor": "Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. Can summarise information from different sources coherently. Can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely." } ] }, "languagesSupported": { "title": "Languages evaluated with CEFR descriptors", "description": "CEFRhub currently evaluates French and English using official CEFR descriptors. Additional languages coming soon.", "languages": [ "French", "English" ], "comingSoon": "Spanish, German, Italian coming soon" } }, "threeCompetences": { "title": "Multidimensional assessment: the 3 CEFR communicative competences", "subtitle": "In accordance with the CEFR Companion Volume 2020, each CEFRhub evaluation analyzes three complementary and interdependent dimensions of your language proficiency in French or English", "badge": "Companion Volume 2020", "intro": "The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages defines communicative competence as the systemic interaction of three distinct but interconnected competences. CEFRhub evaluates each of them with scientific rigor and total transparency, providing you with a complete multidimensional linguistic profile.", "officialFramework": "This tripartite approach is founded on the official CEFR model (Council of Europe, 2001, 2020) which distinguishes linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic competences as essential components of effective language communication.", "competences": [ { "name": "Linguistic competence", "shortName": "Linguistic", "icon": "Book", "color": "#002147", "description": "Mastery of the formal language system: lexicon, grammar, phonology and orthography", "detailedDescription": "Linguistic competence measures your control of the formal systems that structure the French or English language. It encompasses four fundamental dimensions evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively by CEFRhub.", "aspects": [ { "name": "Lexical range and control", "description": "Richness of active and passive vocabulary, semantic precision, appropriate collocations, paraphrasing ability" }, { "name": "Grammatical accuracy and complexity", "description": "Correct morphosyntax, complex structures (subordination, relativization), verb tenses and moods, agreement and concord" }, { "name": "Phonological control (oral)", "description": "Phoneme pronunciation, syllabic and lexical stress, natural intonation, prosodic rhythm, overall intelligibility" }, { "name": "Orthographic accuracy (written)", "description": "Lexical and grammatical spelling, punctuation, typographic conventions, textual segmentation" } ], "howWeEvaluate": { "title": "CEFRhub evaluation methods", "methods": [ "Quantitative lexical metrics: TTR (Type-Token Ratio 0.45-0.85), MTLD (Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity 40-120) to measure vocabulary richness and diversity", "Syntactic metrics: MLT (Mean Length of T-unit 8-22 words), subordination ratio, propositional density according to Norris & Ortega (2009)", "Phonological analysis (oral): prosodic features, rhythm, intonation and intelligibility assessed by AI linguistic analysis β€” acoustic reference metrics (VOT, F0 range) are indicated as qualitative estimates based on content analysis", "Automatic detection of grammatical and orthographic errors with classification by type (agreement, conjugation, lexical)" ] }, "cefrAlignment": "Official CEFR scales: General linguistic range, Vocabulary control, Grammatical accuracy, Phonological control, Orthographic control", "exampleProgression": { "A2": "Elementary vocabulary 1000-1500 words, dominant simple structures, frequent errors without impeding communication", "B1": "Common vocabulary 2000-2500 words, emerging subordination, occasional errors on complex structures", "B2": "Extended vocabulary 3500-4500 words including academic, mastered complex syntax, rare and non-systematic errors", "C1": "Rich vocabulary 5000+ words with fine nuances, natural sophisticated structures, near-native accuracy" } }, { "name": "Sociolinguistic competence", "shortName": "Sociolinguistic", "icon": "Users", "color": "#0F766E", "description": "Adaptation to social and cultural context: registers of language, linguistic politeness and cultural markers", "detailedDescription": "Sociolinguistic competence evaluates your ability to adapt your linguistic production to the situational, social, and cultural parameters of communication. It reflects your sensitivity to sociocultural norms that govern appropriate language use in context.", "aspects": [ { "name": "Registers of language and situational variation", "description": "Formal/informal adaptation according to interlocutor, context and communicative objective, register flexibility, avoiding excessive familiarity or inappropriate distance" }, { "name": "Linguistic politeness and face-work", "description": "Positive and negative politeness strategies (Brown & Levinson 1987), courtesy formulas, mitigation, modalization, face management" }, { "name": "Cultural markers and shared references", "description": "Appropriate idiomatic expressions, pertinent cultural references, sociocultural implicatures, avoiding stereotypes or offensive formulations" }, { "name": "Awareness of linguistic varieties", "description": "Recognition of regional accents, diatopic variations (French from France/Belgium/Switzerland/Quebec, English UK/US/Australia), sociolectal registers" } ], "howWeEvaluate": { "title": "CEFRhub evaluation methods", "methods": [ "Application of linguistic politeness theory (Brown & Levinson 1987): automatic detection of positive/negative politeness markers, FTAs (face-threatening acts), mitigation strategies", "Register analysis by machine learning: formal/neutral/informal classification based on lexical, syntactic and discursive markers", "Intercultural competence framework (Byram 1997): evaluation of cultural references, intercultural sensitivity, avoiding abusive generalizations", "Detection of idiomatic expressions, culturally appropriate collocations, contextualized ritual formulas" ] }, "cefrAlignment": "Official CEFR scales: Sociolinguistic appropriateness, Sociolinguistic flexibility, Turn-taking, Cooperating, Transactions to obtain goods and services", "exampleProgression": { "A2": "Basic undifferentiated register, elementary politeness formulas ('please', 'thank you'), limited adaptation to formal context", "B1": "Emerging formal/informal distinction, mastered basic politeness, awareness of cultural differences without always appropriate adaptation", "B2": "Consolidated formal register in routine situations, nuanced politeness with modalization, occasional pertinent cultural references", "C1": "Marked register flexibility according to interlocutor and situation, sophisticated politeness with subtle strategies, naturally integrated cultural references" } }, { "name": "Pragmatic competence", "shortName": "Pragmatic", "icon": "MessageSquare", "color": "#FF9800", "description": "Communication effectiveness and organization: coherence, cohesion and discursive strategies", "detailedDescription": "Pragmatic competence measures your ability to organize, structure and adapt your discourse to effectively achieve your communicative objectives. It encompasses the logical construction of the message, its formal cohesion and the interactional strategies deployed.", "aspects": [ { "name": "Discursive coherence and thematic organization", "description": "Logical structure of ideas, clear thematic progression (themeβ†’rheme), pertinent paragraphing, textual macrostructure adapted to text type" }, { "name": "Textual cohesion and connectivity", "description": "Diversified logical connectors (addition, opposition, cause, consequence), anaphora and cataphora, appropriate ellipsis, coherent reference chains" }, { "name": "Communicative effectiveness and functional adequacy", "description": "Achievement of communicative objectives (inform, convince, describe, narrate), discourse adaptation to addressee, implicit management" }, { "name": "Interactional strategies (oral)", "description": "Taking and ceding the floor, turn-taking management, repair and reformulation, compensatory strategies facing linguistic gaps" } ], "howWeEvaluate": { "title": "CEFRhub evaluation methods", "methods": [ "Textual cohesion theory (Halliday & Hasan 1976): calculation of cohesive density (0.15-0.45), analysis of logical connector distribution, identification of anaphoric chains", "Thematic progression analysis: detection of theme-rheme patterns, thematic continuity/rupture, macrostructure evaluation according to text type (narrative, argumentative, descriptive)", "Pragmatic metrics: main/subordinate clause ratio, clausal complexity, mean T-unit length as indicator of syntactic-semantic organization", "Functional adequacy evaluation: alignment of produced content/requested task, informational completeness, addressee adaptation" ] }, "cefrAlignment": "Official CEFR scales: Flexibility, Turn-taking, Thematic development, Coherence and cohesion, Spoken fluency, Precision", "exampleProgression": { "A2": "Simple juxtaposed utterances, basic connectors ('and', 'but', 'because'), fragile global coherence, elementary linear thematic progression", "B1": "Organized paragraphs with frequent connectors ('so', 'then', 'indeed'), emerging cohesion but repetitions, clear thematic progression on familiar topics", "B2": "Structured discursive organization, diversified and appropriate connectors, effective cohesion with varied anaphora, mastered thematic progression with argued developments", "C1": "Sophisticated textual architecture, dense and natural cohesion, complex thematic progression with controlled digressions, elaborate rhetorical strategies" } } ], "integration": { "title": "Holistic and integrated assessment: multidimensional linguistic profile", "description": "The three communicative competences are not evaluated in isolation, but in their systemic interaction within your language production. CEFRhub generates a multidimensional CEFR profile that reveals your specific strengths and priority improvement areas for each competence.", "methodology": "Each production (written or oral) is simultaneously analyzed according to the three dimensions. Results are then integrated to produce a weighted global CEFR level, accompanied by a detailed diagnosis per competence. This approach allows identification of differentiated profiles (e.g., strong in linguistic competence, to develop in sociolinguistic).", "profileExample": { "title": "Concrete example: differentiated B2 profile", "globalLevel": "B2", "breakdown": [ { "competence": "Linguistic competence", "level": "B2", "confidence": "85%", "details": "Extended lexicon 3800 active words, mastered complex syntax (MLT 16.2 words, subordination 42%), rare and non-systematic grammatical errors" }, { "competence": "Sociolinguistic competence", "level": "B1+", "confidence": "78%", "details": "Emerging formal register but to consolidate, acquired basic politeness, partial contextual adaptation, occasional cultural markers" }, { "competence": "Pragmatic competence", "level": "B2", "confidence": "82%", "details": "Clear discursive organization, effective cohesion (density 0.28), diversified connectors, mastered thematic progression" } ], "actionableInsights": "This profile reveals solid linguistic and pragmatic mastery at B2 level, with a priority improvement area in sociolinguistic competence. Recommendation: intensive exposure to varied formal situations (professional correspondence, academic presentations) to develop register flexibility and sophisticated politeness markers." }, "pedagogicalValue": "This diagnostic granularity allows French as a Foreign Language (FFL) or English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers to design personalized pedagogical pathways precisely targeting competences to reinforce, rather than a global CEFR level that is not actionable." }, "whyItMatters": { "title": "Why this tripartite approach is essential", "reasons": [ { "title": "Compliance with official CEFR 2020 framework", "description": "The CEFR Companion Volume 2020 (Council of Europe) insists on distinct evaluation of the three competences. Tools that limit themselves to a single global score ignore this fundamental recommendation." }, { "title": "Actionable pedagogical diagnosis", "description": "A learner can excel in grammar (B2 linguistic competence) while struggling to adapt their register (B1 sociolinguistic). Without differentiated diagnosis, impossible to target teaching effectively." }, { "title": "Optimal preparation for official certifications", "description": "DELF/DALF, Cambridge, IELTS exams implicitly evaluate these three competences. Knowing your detailed profile enables strategic preparation targeted at your specific weaknesses." }, { "title": "Scientific transparency and explainability", "description": "Unlike opaque tools that provide a mysterious global score, CEFRhub explicates how each competence contributes to your final CEFR level, reinforcing trust and understanding." } ] }, "comparison": { "title": "CEFRhub vs traditional tools: 3 competences evaluation", "cefrhub": { "approach": "Distinct and explicit evaluation of the three competences with detailed diagnosis per dimension", "transparency": "Quantitative metrics displayed for each competence (e.g., MTLD for linguistic, politeness markers for sociolinguistic, cohesive density for pragmatic)", "output": "Multidimensional profile: 3 distinct CEFR levels + weighted global level + targeted pedagogical recommendations" }, "traditionalTools": { "approach": "Single global score without competence distinction, implicit non-explicited evaluation", "transparency": "No visibility on how linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic dimensions are measured or weighted", "output": "Vague global CEFR level (e.g., 'B2') without indication of strengths/weaknesses per competence" } }, "seoKeywords": "CEFR linguistic competence, sociolinguistic competence, pragmatic competence, multidimensional CEFR assessment, three communicative competences, differentiated language diagnostic, detailed CEFR profile, CEFR Companion Volume 2020", "keyAspectsLabel": "Key aspects", "cefrLabel": "CEFR:", "confidenceLabel": "confidence" }, "linguists": { "title": "6 linguistic theories validating alignment", "subtitle": "Each evaluation integrates frameworks from world-renowned researchers", "flipHint": "Tap or hover to flip", "cards": [ { "name": "Bachman & Palmer (1996)", "theory": "Language Assessment Framework", "application": "Ensures construct validity and measurement reliability", "description": "Bachman & Palmer's model defines assessment quality criteria. CEFRhub applies their framework to ensure each evaluation measures what it claims with reproducible consistency." }, { "name": "Norris & Ortega (2009)", "theory": "Syntactic Complexity Metrics", "application": "Calculates T-unit length, subordination ratio, clause density", "description": "Norris & Ortega's synthesis identifies valid complexity measures. CEFRhub uses these quantitative metrics to differentiate A2 simple structures from B2/C1 sophisticated syntax." }, { "name": "Halliday & Hasan (1976)", "theory": "Cohesion Theory", "application": "Quantifies cohesive devices (reference, substitution, ellipsis)", "description": "Halliday & Hasan's cohesion framework defines textual connectivity mechanisms. CEFRhub calculates cohesive density and variety to measure textual competence across CEFR levels." }, { "name": "Brown & Levinson (1987)", "theory": "Politeness Theory", "application": "Analyzes pragmatic competence and register appropriateness", "description": "Politeness theory examines face-saving strategies in communication. CEFRhub detects formal/informal register shifts and sociopragmatic markers essential for B2+ proficiency." }, { "name": "Levelt (1989)", "theory": "Speech Production Model", "application": "Analyzes fluency, hesitations, self-corrections in oral production", "description": "Levelt's model explains speech production stages from conceptualization to articulation. CEFRhub evaluates oral fluency markers, pauses, and repair mechanisms to assess spoken proficiency." }, { "name": "Byram (1997)", "theory": "Intercultural Communicative Competence", "application": "Measures cultural awareness and cross-cultural adaptability", "description": "Byram's framework extends beyond linguistic competence to intercultural dimensions. CEFRhub evaluates cultural references, sensitivity markers, and adaptive communication strategies." } ] }, "metrics": { "title": "Quantitative metrics vs opaque tools", "subtitle": "Factual comparison - our explainable approach vs traditional black boxes", "disclaimer": "Generic comparison for educational purposes. Quantitative thresholds based on research synthesis (Norris & Ortega 2009, Crossley et al. 2011), not prescribed by CEFR official framework.", "table": { "headers": { "metric": "Quantitative metric", "cefrhub": "CEFRhub", "opaqueTools": "Opaque tools" }, "rows": [ { "metric": "TTR (Type-Token Ratio)", "description": "Lexical diversity measure", "cefrhub": "βœ“ Calculated & displayed (0.45-0.85)", "opaqueTools": "βœ— Not shown" }, { "metric": "MTLD (Lexical Diversity)", "description": "Advanced diversity index", "cefrhub": "βœ“ Calculated & displayed (40-120)", "opaqueTools": "βœ— Not shown" }, { "metric": "MLT (Mean Length T-unit)", "description": "Syntactic complexity", "cefrhub": "βœ“ Calculated & displayed (8-22 words)", "opaqueTools": "βœ— Not shown" }, { "metric": "VOT (Voice Onset Time)", "description": "Pronunciation precision", "cefrhub": "βœ“ Analyzed for oral (Β±15ms native-like)", "opaqueTools": "βœ— Not analyzed" }, { "metric": "F0 Range (Pitch)", "description": "Prosodic naturalness", "cefrhub": "βœ“ Measured (120-350 Hz range)", "opaqueTools": "βœ— Not measured" }, { "metric": "Cohesive Density", "description": "Text connectivity", "cefrhub": "βœ“ Calculated (0.15-0.45)", "opaqueTools": "βœ— Not calculated" } ] }, "conclusion": "CEFRhub is the only platform providing full metric visibility. No black boxes." }, "cefrMapping": { "title": "From metrics to CEFR descriptors", "subtitle": "How we align quantitative analysis and linguistic theories with official CEFR descriptors", "intro": "Every metric and theory serves one purpose: validating alignment with official CEFR descriptors.", "detailedExample": { "level": "B2", "skill": "Written Production", "cefrDescriptor": "Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint giving advantages and disadvantages.", "cefrDescriptorLabel": "CEFR 2020 descriptor", "howWeValidate": "CEFRhub validation:", "metrics": [ "MTLD 75-95: Confirms lexical diversity", "MLT 14-18 words: Syntactic complexity", "Cohesive density 0.25-0.35: Effective connectors" ], "theories": [ "Norris & Ortega: Subordination patterns", "Halliday & Hasan: Cohesive device variety", "Byram: Intercultural references" ], "visualization": "See detailed breakdown above" }, "summaryExamples": [ { "level": "B1", "skill": "Spoken Interaction", "summary": "Speech rate 100-140 words/min + strategic pauses + natural intonation patterns validate B1 fluency (Levelt model)" }, { "level": "C1", "skill": "Written Production", "summary": "MTLD >100 + MLT >18 words + sophisticated cohesive devices + register flexibility validate C1 written proficiency (Norris & Ortega, Halliday & Hasan)" } ], "comparisonNote": "Traditional tools provide a score without showing this alignment. CEFRhub makes the connection explicit." }, "scoreToLevel": { "badge": "How the score works", "title": "From score to CEFR level", "subtitle": "The last step in the chain, published in full", "formula": { "title": "β‘  The calculation", "intro": "Each competence is scored from 1 to 10. The final score is their weighted average.", "written": "Writing β€” pragmatic Γ— 0.52 + linguistic Γ— 0.36 + orthographic Γ— 0.12", "spoken": "Speaking β€” pragmatic Γ— 0.48 + linguistic Γ— 0.32 + phonological Γ— 0.20", "disclaimer": "The CEFR prescribes no numerical weighting. This one is an operational reading of the Companion Volume's hierarchy, which positions pragmatic competence as superordinate." }, "bandsTitle": "β‘‘ From score to band", "bandsHeader": { "range": "Weighted score", "level": "CEFR level", "width": "Band width" }, "bands": [ { "range": "1.0 – 1.7", "level": "A1", "width": "0.7" }, { "range": "1.8 – 2.7", "level": "A2.1", "width": "0.9" }, { "range": "2.8 – 3.7", "level": "A2.2", "width": "0.9" }, { "range": "3.8 – 4.9", "level": "B1.1", "width": "1.1" }, { "range": "5.0 – 6.1", "level": "B1.2", "width": "1.1" }, { "range": "6.2 – 7.1", "level": "B2.1", "width": "0.9" }, { "range": "7.2 – 8.2", "level": "B2.2", "width": "1.0" }, { "range": "8.3 – 9.2", "level": "C1", "width": "0.9" }, { "range": "9.3 – 10.0", "level": "C2", "width": "0.7" } ], "nonLinear": { "title": "Why the bands are not of equal width", "text": "They are narrow at the extremes and wider in the middle, because real progression is not linear either: moving from A1 to A2 asks less than moving from B2 to C1. A wide B1 plateau reflects how long learners actually spend there; a widened B2.2 band reflects how often apparent fluency is mistaken for C1 command." }, "safeguards": { "title": "β‘’ The score sets a band, not the level awarded", "intro": "Three rules can lower the computed result:", "items": [ "Without at least two C1 markers attested in the production, a score of 8.3 or above is capped at B2.2.", "Strong spelling or pronunciation never on its own justifies a move to C1 β€” the CEFR's β€œrange over accuracy” principle: accuracy without syntactic complexity stays B2.2.", "Each level boundary carries its own exclusion checklist, to be verified before the level is awarded." ], "conclusion": "The calculation is compensatory; the safeguards are not. A weak competence cannot be offset indefinitely by a strong one." }, "sameForBoth": "β‘£ These bands, weightings and safeguards apply identically to French and English. Only the linguistic markers differ, each anchored in its own language." }, "architecture": { "title": "Assessment architecture: CEFR at the core", "subtitle": "Official descriptors are the foundation. Metrics and theories are validation tools.", "approach": "Unlike traditional approaches that treat metrics as the end goal, CEFRhub puts CEFR descriptors at the center. Our 6 linguistic theories and quantitative metrics serve as rigorous tools to validate alignment with official CEFR scales.", "steps": [ { "number": 1, "title": "Submission and Preprocessing", "description": "User submits their written production or oral speech. Text is preprocessed (tokenization, normalization) for multidimensional CEFR analysis." }, { "number": 2, "title": "Multi-layered Analysis", "description": "Evaluation of the 3 CEFR communicative competences (linguistic, sociolinguistic, pragmatic) + multidimensional quantitative analysis + 6 linguistic theoretical frameworks applied simultaneously" }, { "number": 3, "title": "CEFR Level Validation", "description": "Results explicitly mapped to official CEFR descriptors with confidence score. Show descriptor + supporting evidence + strengths + areas for improvement" } ] }, "faq": { "title": "Frequently asked questions", "questions": [ { "question": "What is the CEFR and why does it matter?", "answer": "The CEFR is the international standard developed by the Council of Europe for describing language proficiency. It defines six levels (A1 to C2) using 'can-do' descriptors that are language-independent. CEFRhub aligns every evaluation with these official descriptors." }, { "question": "How does CEFRhub differ from other CEFR tools?", "answer": "We provide full transparency: we show every metric (TTR, MTLD, MLT), cite the 6 linguistic theories applied, explicitly map to CEFR descriptors, and explain why you received your level. Most tools use black-box algorithms without showing how they align to CEFR." }, { "question": "What languages does CEFRhub support?", "answer": "CEFRhub currently evaluates French and English using official CEFR descriptors. Spanish, German, and Italian coming soon." }, { "question": "Are CEFRhub levels officially recognized?", "answer": "CEFRhub provides CEFR-aligned assessments based on the official framework. While scientifically rigorous, they are not official certifications like Cambridge, DELF/DALF, or IELTS. Use CEFRhub for progress tracking, identifying strengths/weaknesses, and exam preparation." }, { "question": "How accurate are the CEFR level predictions?", "answer": "Our multi-layered approach combines quantitative metrics, 6 published linguistic frameworks, and alignment with the 1,800+ official CEFR descriptors (Council of Europe). Each report includes a confidence score and the detailed metrics behind the assigned level β€” you can audit the reasoning rather than trust an unverifiable percentage." }, { "question": "Can I export my evaluation data?", "answer": "Yes. Professional Power and Expert plans allow PDF export." } ] }, "mobileNav": { "problem": "Problem", "cefr": "CEFR", "competences": "Competences", "theories": "Theories", "metrics": "Metrics", "mapping": "Examples", "architecture": "Architecture", "faq": "FAQ" }, "relatedGuides": { "title": "Deepen Your CEFR Knowledge", "subtitle": "Explore our guides to better understand CEFR levels and assessment", "guides": [ { "title": "Complete Guide to CEFR Levels (A1–C2)", "description": "Everything you need to know about the 6 CEFR levels and what each one means.", "slug": "cefr-levels-complete-guide" }, { "title": "CEFR B2 vs C1: Key Differences", "description": "Understand the gap between upper-intermediate and advanced proficiency.", "slug": "cefr-b2-vs-c1-differences" }, { "title": "How to Go from B1 to B2", "description": "Practical strategies to break through the intermediate plateau.", "slug": "how-to-improve-b1-to-b2" } ], "viewAll": "View all articles" }, "finalCta": { "title": "Ready to try CEFR-aligned assessment?", "subtitle": "Start with a free evaluation. No credit card required.", "ctaPrimary": "Get your free report now" } }